Induction and Proliferation of Moringa oleifera Somatic Embryo Callus using Solid Liquid and Temporary Immersion System

Moringa oleifera Lam., a promising functional food, can be propagated rapidly through somatic embryogenesis technique. This method has advantages, such as rapid seed generation, absence of a dormant phase, and bipolar cotyledons. The induction of M. oleifera callus involves plant growth regulators, the type of explants, and the media used. In this study, we investigated the effects of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of BAP and picloram on inducing embryonic callus in M. oleifera plants. Additionally, we examined the impact of amino acids such as proline, glutamine, and cysteine on the proliferation stage of the embryonic callus. The results showed that 1 mg/L BAP and picloram significantly enhanced callus induction, as indicated by increased callus diameter, weight, and volume. The growth of M. oleifera callus was also influenced by the concentration of amino acids. The optimal proliferation callus was achieved using 200 mg/L of proline in Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium with the Temporary Immersion System (TIS). Furthermore, embryogenic callus was generated using 200 mg/L proline, 50 mg/L glutamine, and 50 and 100 mg/L cysteine. The addition of 200 mg/L proline to DKW yielded the best results in TIS.

Rudiyanto, Purwito A, Efendi D, Martin AF. 2024. Induction and proliferation of Moringa oleifera somatic embryo callus using solid liquid and temporary immersion system. IJAB 32(3):294-300.

 

Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.2204

 

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Somatic Embryo Germination of Jatropha curcas L in Presence of Sucrose and Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG)

Jatropha curcas L. is a potential source of a non-edible biofuel. Conventional propagation of J. curcas technique has some limitations. Somatic embryo can produce a large number of embryos and obtain a large number of plants all year round. Treatment of sucrose in combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG) was proven to enhance germination of somatic embryos in many plant species. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sucrose in combination of PEG on somatic embryo germination in J. curcas. Globular somatic embryos at 0.025-0.030 g fresh weight having 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter were grown on MS medium solidified with 3 g/l of Gelzan supplemented with sucrose at 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/l in combination with PEG at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15%. Results showed that the best medium for germination of J. curcas somatic embryo cultures was MS medium supplemented with 20 and 30 g/l of sucrose in combination with 5% of PEG. The numbers of germinated embryos per clump had significant enhancement on those medium compared with the control (PEG free treatment) (2.65 to 5.65) and (2.55 to 5.50). In addition, those treatments resulted in the highest percentage of clumps forming germinated embryos (100%), with an average of normal germinated embryos at 94.163 and 96.065%. The addition of 40 and 50 g/l of sucrose in combination with 15% of PEG caused all embryos to fail at germinating.

Rudiyanto, R., Efendi, D., & Ermayanti, T. M. (2014, June). Somatic embryo germination of Jatropha curcas L in presence of sucrose and poly ethylene glycol (PEG). In Annales Bogorienses (Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 35-43).

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Perlakuan Media untuk Pertumbuhan Planlet dan Aklimatisasi Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn.) Hasil Embrio-Genesis

Jatropha curcas Linn. merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai biofuel. Perbanyakan tanaman J. curcas dalam skala luas dapat dilakukan melalui pembentukan embrio somatik. Setelah embrio somatik mengalami perkecambahan, pada umumnya akan diikuti dengan pertumbuhan kecambah menjadi planlet kemudian planlet dapat diaklimatisasi dan ditanam di lapang. Pada beberapa jenis tanaman, planlet perlu dioptimasi pertumbuhannya agar di lapang mempunyai daya tumbuh yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh 2-iP terhadap pertumbuhan planlet J. curcas, mengetahui pengaruh media ½ MS yang dikombinasikan dengan IAA dan IBA terhadap perakaran planlet J. curcas dan melakukan aklimatisasi planlet J. curcas di rumah kaca. Stok embrio somatik J. curcas diperbanyak pada media MS dengan penambahan 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D selama 4 minggu kemudian embrio disubkultur pada media MS tanpa 2,4-D selama 8 minggu. Embrio yang telah berkembang dan membentuk kotiledon dikecambahkan pada media MS sampai umur 2 minggu hingga terbentuk planlet dengan 2-3 daun dan tinggi 1-1.5 cm. Planlet kemudian dikulturkan pada media perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS yang mengandung 2 mg/l 2-iP menghasilkan planlet dengan tinggi dan bobot basah tanaman tertinggi berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya. Pada media ½ MS tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh IAA dan IBA menghasilkan jumlah akar terbanyak. Penambahan IAA dan IBA tidak berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan akar planlet J. curcas. Planlet yang berumur 10 minggu dengan perakaran baik dapat diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca dengan daya hidup 30 %.

Rudiyanto, Efendi, D., Ermayanti, T.M. 2014. Perlakuan Media untuk Pertumbuhan Planlet dan Aklimatisasi Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn.) Hasil Embrio-Genesis. Prosiding Seminar Nasional XXIII “Kimia dalam Industri dan Lingkungan". 2014/11/13. 23: 373-380

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Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Jatropha curcas Linn. Plantlets Regenerated from Somatic Embryo using ISSR Markers

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.) has the potential as a source of sustainable biofuels. Somatic embryo proliferation of J. curcas may cause somaclonal variations. This research aimed to investigate somaclonal variations of J. curcas somatic embryo derived-plantlet using ISSR markers. Somatic embryos of J. curcas at the globular phase were cultured on liquid MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Parameter observed were embryos weight, embryos volume, colour, and size of embryos. After proliferation, the embryos were cultured on a germination medium until the cotyledonary phase. The plantlet’s leaves were used for DNA samples for ISSR analysis. The results showed that proliferation of J. curcas somatic embryos was optimal at MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and produced the highest weight and volume of embryos. The furthest genetic distance occurred between the control and J. curcas plantlet which was regenerated from MS + 1 mg L-1 2,4-D which had 0.60 of similarity coefficient.

Rudiyanto, Efendi, D., Al-Hafiizh, E., & Ermayanti, T. M. (2021). DETEKSI VARIASI SOMAKLONAL PLANLET Jatropha curcas Linn. HASIL REGENERASI EMBRIO SOMATIK DENGAN MARKA MOLEKULAR ISSR. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI), 8(1), 14-24.

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